Is the iraqi dinar ready to revalue

Jul 07, 2024
Still, Iraqi officials say the measures have led to a dollar shortage, which has led the Iraqi dinar to change hands at more than 1,500 per dollar in the unofficial market in recent months, up to ....

Iraq's foreign currency reserves have risen to $64 billion from $48 billion since Iraq devalued its currency almost a year ago, Iraqi Central Bank Governor Mustafa Ghalib said on Tuesday.The revaluation of the Iraqi dinar in 2023 happened on February 7. The revaluation was approved by the Iraqi Government based on recommendations from the Central Bank of Iraq in order to strengthen the Iraqi dinar against the US dollar. The official exchange rate was set to 1,320 dinars per one US dollar, as opposed to the previous rate of 1,460 dinars per dollar.A number of leaders of the Coordination Framework, the bloc leading the new Iraqi government, are pushing to increase the value of the dinar in an attempt to support the poor - yet some argue the measure could backfire. Click here to read the full article.Tags: Iraq, Dinar, Currency, Revaluation, iraqi, middle east, Central bank, Central Bank of Iraq, Monetary policy, Inflation, Saleh "…the process of deleting three zeros from the Iraqi currency will lead to a revaluation" - Dr. Hilal Al-Tahan, economist. Note: An article very similar to this news story has been posted on Currency Newshound.🔥 Iraqi Dinar 🔥 After 21 Years New Exchange Rate 🔥 News Guru Update Valu... at April 18, 2024 ... Militia Man Iraq is ready to go international. ... Dinar Revaluation Blog is not a registered investment adviser, broker dealer, banker or currency dealer and as such, no information on the Website or Email newsletter is a financial adviseLet's review the charts and indicators....IR Ingersoll Rand (IR) is trading modestly higher after an EPS and revenue beat Thursday morning. Let's check out the charts of this i...Currency Converter. IQD To USD. 1 IQD To USD. Convert Iraqi Dinar To United States Dollar. 1 IQD = 0.000763 USD May 23, 2024 19:32 UTC. Send Money. …Beware of Lofty Promises. Sellers of the Iraqi dinar are making a killing on all this talk of a currency revaluation. DinarTrade, for one, is selling 1 million dinar for $980 USD but buys the same ...The foreign exchange (FX) market volatility in the wake of tighter anti-money laundering/combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) controls by the Central Bank of Iraq (CBI) on FX sales has adversely affected import-dependent non-oil sectors. Real non-oil GDP is estimated to have contracted by 9-percent (year-on-year) in the last quarter ...Iraq Revalues Currency. Iraq's Council of Ministers on 7 February approved a controversial recommendation by the Central Bank of Iraq (CBI) to revalue the Iraqi Dinar at $1=ID1,300, strengthening it from the current official rate of $1=ID1,450. The Ministry of Finance will exchange petrodollars at the new rate for dinars from the CBI while ...JUDY NOTES, 12 DEC The Iraqi Dinar was the kingpin of the Global Currency Reset and on Mon. 6 Dec. did, in fact, revalue the Dinar to $11.90, with it going upwaIraqi dinar- Iraqi dinar revaluation 1000 to 1 - Iraqi dinar RV Update - IQD News update. October 26, 2023. in ...ERBIL, Kurdistan Region - Iraq on Tuesday restored the exchange rate of $1 to 1,300 IQD, the highest value for the Iraqi currency since 2020. The rise in value came after the Iraqi council of ...Militia Man Iraq is ready to go international. ... IRAQI DINAR CONVERTER. ... DISCLAIMER. Dinar Revaluation Blog is not a registered investment adviser, broker dealer, banker or currency dealer and as such, no information on the Website or Email newsletter is a financial advise. This Blog is for Speculation , Rumors about the …The most common watermark used in Iraqi dinars is a horse head. Special pens found in most office supply stores can be used and will change color when marked on the bills. If you hold the 10,000, 25,000, and 50,000 bills in the light you will be able to check for the holograms embedded in the banknotes. Iraqi Dinar Revaluation Predictions1.00 US Dollar =. 1,310 .5928 Iraqi Dinars. 1 IQD = 0.000763014 USD. We use the mid-market rate for our Converter. This is for informational purposes only. You won’t receive this rate when sending money. Login to view send rates. US Dollar to Iraqi Dinar conversion — Last updated May 21, 2024, 10:31 UTC.The cost of 1 United States Dollar in Iraqi Dinars today is 1,308.98 IQD according to the “Open Exchange Rates”, compared to yesterday, the exchange rate remained unchanged. The exchange rate of the United States Dollar in relation to the Iraqi Dinar on the chart, the table of the dynamics of the cost as a percentage for the day, …Yes, I believe it will RV. 3. No, I don't believe it will be a LOP. 4. No, I don't get into time, rates, dates etc. 5. No, I don't have any "secret" or "inside" information and none of the other forex traders I know do either. The IQD is NOT, as some like to say, "On Forex". Sure, IQD is listed on sites like XE, Forex Pros and many others but ...Step 1. Suppose the government of Iraq is deciding what kind of monetary policy and exchange rate regime to choose. The government wants to ensure stability in international trade and investment by pegging the Iraqi dinar to the U.S. dollar. Which of the following policy choices will achieve this goal?The government announced Saturday it was devaluing the currency for the first time since the U.S.-led invasion in 2003, lopping off 23% of the dinar's value to reduce pressure on public finances ...Why Iraq's dinar is trading below official dollar rate amid new restrictions. A top US official visited Iraqi officials last week to discuss countering illicit finance and strengthening Iraq's financial system. Click here to read the full article (subscription required). Tags: anti money laundering (AML), dinar, featured, IQD, Iran, Iraqi Dinar ...This reader was able to borrow the miles he needed for a bucket list award flight. Today I want to share a story from TPG reader Jack, who used a credit card benefit to get the mil...A dollar's worth is fluctuating between 1,500 to 1,600 dinars in the market but the Iraqi Central Bank rate for a dollar is 1,320 dinars. The Iraqi dinar has been losing value against the US ...The Iraqi authorities have approved a revaluation of the Iraqi dinar. In a statement said on Tuesday, the Central Bank of Iraq (CBI) said that, starting on Wednesday, t he exchange rates will be as follows: 1,320 dinars per dollar: the sale price of the dollar from banks and non-bank financial institutions to the final beneficiary. The dinar ...Finally Done | CHASE BANK CONFIRMS THEY'RE READY FOR THE IRAQI DINAR REVALUATION! | Iraqi dinar Stay updated on the latest changes in the Iraqi Dinar and V...Iraq's cabinet approved a currency revaluation on 7 February and set the exchange rate at 1,300 dinars per US dollar. The Central Bank of Iraq (CBI) also imposed several measures to boost the dinar and prevent the outflow of US dollars outside the country, especially to Iran and Syria, which are under US sanctions.The most common watermark used in Iraqi dinars is a horse head. Special pens found in most office supply stores can be used and will change color when marked on the bills. If you hold the 10,000, 25,000, and 50,000 bills in the light you will be able to check for the holograms embedded in the banknotes. Iraqi Dinar Revaluation PredictionsJul 27, 2023 · Dozens of people protested outside the Central Bank of Iraq in Baghdad while bank owners urged action as the Iraqi dinar fell after the United States blacklisted 14 Iraqi banks.The Central Bank of Iraq is ready to delete the zeros from the dinar after the formation of the government directly Posted: October 2, 2010 by Justhopin in Iraqi Dinar/Politics The Central Bank of Iraq, Banknote Economic expert called for increased funds in central bank dollar and the reduction o...“ The Iraqi economy’s growth momentum has slowed in recent months. ... inflation has begun to moderate—reflecting lower international commodity prices as well as a 10-percent revaluation of the dinar—and is projected to average 5.6 percent in 2023. ... “The IMF staff team stands ready to support the authorities in their reform efforts ...The ban has pushed the market rate of the dollar from 1,470 dinars per dollar to 1,570 dinars per dollar in the last two days. The protests outside the central banks …4.7/5, 41.5k ratings. IQD to USD currency chart. XE's free live currency conversion chart for Iraqi Dinar to US Dollar allows you to pair exchange rate history for up to 10 years.Iraqi Dinar – They were Back to $3.22 – News Guru Intel Update Value IQD Exchange Rate to USD Videos Pimpy – Iraqi Dinar update for 05/12/24 -This will strengthen the dinarMilitia Man Iraq is ready to go international. ... Dinar Revaluation Blog is not a registered investment adviser, broker dealer, banker or currency dealer and as such, no information on the Website or Email newsletter is a financial advise. This Blog is for Speculation , Rumors about the Revaluation of Currencies. ...Yes the dinar get rich quick is a scam for nearly ten years. Those invested in toilet paper from Iraq known as dinar are never going to believe or at least publicly admit they've been duped, bamboozled, scammed, suckered, etc. not one of them understands the true economics of Iraq and their currency no less will they understand why Iraq has not and will not revalue their currency.Militia Man Iraq is ready to go international. ... Dinar Revaluation Blog is not a registered investment adviser, broker dealer, banker or currency dealer and as such, no information on the Website or Email newsletter is a financial advise. This Blog is for Speculation , Rumors about the Revaluation of Currencies. ...Ariel. @Prolotario1. Quick Update – J.P. Morgan Selected to Run New Trade Bank in Iraq. Operating the bank the Trade Bank of Iraq will give banks access to the financial system of Iraq. Which has huge oil reserves foreign bank companies have not operated in the country since a policy of nationalization in the 1950’s and 1960’s.11-22-2023 Newshound Guru Clare Article: “The dollar in Iraq.. Baghdad is planning “permanent solutions” with Washington, and Parliament describes the dialogues as “successful” Quote: “Monday (November 20, 2023), an informed source reported an expected meeting between the Central Bank of Iraq and the US Treasury Department …EV maker Arrival it doesn’t expect to earn revenue until after 2023, as it shifts to develop commercial vans for the U.S. instead of Europe. Troubled electric vehicle startup Arriv...Iraq Sunday, September 24, 2023 5:57 PM Baghdad/National News Center The Central Bank confirmed today, Sunday, that providing the dollar at a price of 1,320 dinars was a reason for controlling the general level of prices. A statement from the bank received by the National News Center stated that “its governor, Ali Mohsen Al-Alaq, announces ...The Iraqi Central Bank in late 2020 devalued the dinar against the US dollar by 22 percent, dropping it from 1,182 IQD to 1,450 IQD and sparking public outrage. The devaluation came in an effort ...Iraq's cabinet approved a currency revaluation on 7 February and set the exchange rate at 1,300 dinars per US dollar. The Central Bank of Iraq (CBI) also imposed several measures to boost the dinar and prevent the outflow of US dollars outside the country, especially to Iran and Syria, which are under US sanctions.11/16/2023 Baghdad. Today, Thursday, a source revealed moves being made by the private banking sector and exchange companies aimed at raising the value of the dinar against the dollar. The source, who preferred to remain anonymous, said in an interview with Al-Eqtisad News, “ Private banks and exchange companies are showing great preparations ...Militia Man Iraq is ready to go international. ... Dinar Revaluation Blog is not a registered investment adviser, broker dealer, banker or currency dealer and as such, no information on the Website or Email newsletter is a financial advise. This Blog is for Speculation , Rumors about the Revaluation of Currencies. ...Still, Iraqi officials say the measures have led to a dollar shortage, which has led the Iraqi dinar to change hands at more than 1,500 per dollar in the unofficial market in recent months, up to ...Chats and Rumors Video Vn Dong. May 25. Iraqi Dinar Video Update Saturday AM 5-25-24. Wells Fargo Gives Green Signals For IQD RV – 4:03. Iraqi Dinar Ready …ERBIL, Kurdistan Region - The head of the Iraqi central bank on Sunday announced that all transactions inside the country will only be made using the Iraqi dinar in 2024, as the value of the ...In order to exchange your Dinar, you should first: gather together. count the quantity. organize your Dinar by denomination banknotes you wish to sell. This is especially important if you've ...Militia Man Iraq is ready to go international. ... Dinar Revaluation Blog is not a registered investment adviser, broker dealer, banker or currency dealer and as such, no …Start Here: Biggest Dinar Myths & Secrets Exposed. ( Updated: 5/24/2024 ) Official Central Bank of Iraq (CBI) Dinar Rate: 1310 IQD to 1 USD. Dinar Market Rate: (CBI last reported for August-2021) 1475.14 IQD to 1 USD. - Rates Are Within IMF 2% Rule: NO. - Are Rates IMF 2% Rule Compliant for 90 Days: NO.Militia Man Iraq is ready to go international. ... Dinar Revaluation Blog is not a registered investment adviser, broker dealer, banker or currency dealer and as such, no information on the Website or Email newsletter is a financial advise. This Blog is for Speculation , Rumors about the Revaluation of Currencies. ...Militia Man Iraq is ready to go international. ... Dinar Revaluation Blog is not a registered investment adviser, broker dealer, banker or currency dealer and as such, no information on the Website or Email newsletter is a financial advise. This Blog is for Speculation , Rumors about the Revaluation of Currencies. ...Militia Man Iraq is ready to go international. ... Dinar Revaluation Blog is not a registered investment adviser, broker dealer, banker or currency dealer and as such, no information on the Website or Email newsletter is a financial advise. This Blog is for Speculation , Rumors about the Revaluation of Currencies. ...The parallel market rate of the Iraqi dinar sat at 1,560 on Thursday, roughly 15 per cent below the official rate. READ: Iraq banks hit with dollar ban say they are ready to challenge measures You ...Militia Man Iraq is ready to go international. ... Dinar Revaluation Blog is not a registered investment adviser, broker dealer, banker or currency dealer and as such, no information on the Website or Email newsletter is a financial advise. This Blog is for Speculation , Rumors about the Revaluation of Currencies. ...The co-owners and chief operating officer of one of the largest Iraqi dinar exchangers in the United States were convicted by a federal jury following a five-week trial. Tyson Rhame, James Shaw, and Frank Bell were each convicted of mail and wire fraud conspiracy, as well as multiple counts of mail and wire fraud. Rhame and Bell were also convicted of making false statements to federal law ...Protesters, banks demand action after Iraqi dinar plunges post-US sanctions. ... The banks said they are ready to face an audit, with al-Shamaa also saying that the banks "have nothing to do ...Militia Man Iraq is ready to go international. ... Dinar Revaluation Blog is not a registered investment adviser, broker dealer, banker or currency dealer and as such, no information on the Website or Email newsletter is a financial advise. This Blog is for Speculation , Rumors about the Revaluation of Currencies. ...Iraqi Dinar Guru opinions 5-23-2024. 5-23-2024 Intel Guru Frank26 A second set of books is a normal business action. Many companies, many firms for financial projections, for balances, for audit purposes, for changes whatever it may be, run a second set of books. The second set of books is simple business practice.Iraq will ban cash withdrawals and transactions in U.S dollars as of Jan. 1 2024 in the latest push to curb the misuse of its hard currency reserves in financial crimes and the evasion of U.S ...Iraq needs to address the economy's structural imbalances to halt the dinar's volatility. By Ahmed Tabaqchali. A planned implementation of global procedural requirements for cross-border payments by the Central Bank of Iraq (CBI) in mid-November 2022 had a detrimental effect on the volumes of the CBI's daily "Foreign Currency Selling Window," better known as the CBI's US Dollar ...Militia Man Iraq is ready to go international. ... Dinar Revaluation Blog is not a registered investment adviser, broker dealer, banker or currency dealer and as such, no information on the Website or Email newsletter is a financial advise. This Blog is for Speculation , Rumors about the Revaluation of Currencies. ...Seek independent professional consultation in the form of legal, financial, and fiscal advice before making any investment decision. Explore our USD IQD forecast for today, tomorrow, this week, and next week. Discover US Dollar vs Iraqi Dinar long-term trend for 2024, 2025 to 2030, and beyond.Remember that Iraq is not redenominating due to hyper-inflation, but rather due to a revaluation because they are so rich, not poor....Enough said… Frank26 [Iraq boots-on-the-ground report] FIREFLY: Sudani still saying hold on to dinar that our dinar is going to be stronger than the dollar.The Iraqi Dinar (IQD) has been a topic of much speculation and interest in the forex market. Many traders and investors have been eagerly awaiting the revaluation of the Iraqi Dinar, hoping to capitalize on potential profits. In this article, we will explore the concept of the Iraqi Dinar revaluation and its impact on the IQD on the forex market.Because the exchange rate of the Iraqi dinar is set by the country’s central bank, it is unlikely that the Iraqi government will execute a sharp revaluation of the currency. Potential investors should weigh these gains against the considerable costs and risks of acquiring the currency.The Iraqi government has reportedly appointed three major international banks to advise on its first international bond issue in almost a decade. Citigroup, Deutsche Bank and JPMorgan Chase will assist in placing $6 billion (7.2 trillion Iraqi dinars) of new government bonds, in an attempt to bridge the budget deficit.🔥 Iraqi Dinar 🔥 This is 100% Revaluation 🔥 News Guru Intel Update Value ... at May 12, 2024. ... Militia Man Iraq is ready to go international. ... Dinar Revaluation Blog is not a registered investment adviser, broker dealer, banker or currency dealer and as such, no information on the Website or Email newsletter is a financial advise. ...Revaluation of the Iraqi Dinar. September 30th, 2021. The Iraqi Government announced on Dec 20, 2020 it was devaluing currency for the first time since the US-led invasion in 2003. The plan was to reduce the dinar’s value by 22%. While the Dinar took a dip in value, this could be a long term indication that the government of Iraq is serious.Interactive historical chart showing the daily US Dollar - Iraqi Dinar (USD/IQD) exchange rates in 2021. Historical exchange rate: -. { {tocurrency .name}} Exchange Rate Date 01-01-2021 1463.605035722222. One week.Video: Iraq to revalue currency. They are reporting the Iraq currency will revalue and will take 2 to 3 years to totally complete the process.... It alludes to the dinar revaluing to 1 dinar to 1 dollar (equivalent to 2 cans of cola). The controversy is in the way he says, 1000 dinar will become 1 dinar...some interpret that to mean the value ...The Iraqi Dinar, also denoted as IQD is the official currency used in Iraq. It's issued by the Central Bank of Iraq. Each Dinar is divided into 1,000 smaller units, although these smaller units, called "fils," have become practically obsolete due to high inflation since 1990. As of 2022, the exchange rate between the US Dollar and the Iraqi ...Stay informed with our comprehensive coverage of the latest dinar revaluation status and gain valuable insights from dinar guru opinions. Dinar Revaluation Blog is not a registered investment adviser, broker dealer, banker or currency dealer and as such, no information on the Website or Email newsletter is a financial advise. .Iraqi dinar WOW WOW Vietnam Dong Final Value$3.88 US Dollar Fully RV ... at May 19, 2024. ... Militia Man Iraq is ready to go international. ... Dinar Revaluation Blog is not a registered investment adviser, broker dealer, banker or currency dealer and as such, no information on the Website or Email newsletter is a financial advise. ...Iraq's Central Bank has a new plan to increase the value of the Iraqi dinar against the US dollar. The bank released a statement this week outlining the plan. The measures are as follows:Well, beware of the Iraqi Dinar Guru scam. Let's take a look. The hype about the investment in Iraqi Dinars has been going around for a while and it's still going. Sellers explain that as democracy will come to Iraq, the economy will flourish and the value of the Dinar will grow. Guard.io (100): Surf the web safely.Aug 16, 2017 · The revaluation of the Iraqi dinar is ready to be implemented by the country's Central Bank; however, the Parliamentary Economic and Investment Commission has decided to postpone the revaluation to 2019. The plan is to eliminate zeros from the value of the Iraqi currency, allowing the dinar to gain value on the global market. Continue ReadingMar 10, 2021 · The Kuwaiti Dinar was revalued after the Iraqi invasion and could become a high-valued currency. With the current rates, 1 Kuwait Dinar is worth 3.30 United States Dollars. Iraq has recently devalued the Dinar by 24% back in December of 2020 to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic and lower oil prices.Militia Man Iraq is ready to go international. ... Dinar Revaluation Blog is not a registered investment adviser, broker dealer, banker or currency dealer and as such, no information on the Website or Email newsletter is a financial advise. This Blog is for Speculation , Rumors about the Revaluation of Currencies. ...This Blog is for Speculation , Rumors about the Revaluation of Currencies. We provide daily dinar updates and dinar recaps, featuring insights from popular dinar gurus. Stay informed with our comprehensive coverage of the latest dinar revaluation status and gain valuable insights from dinar guru opinions.The revaluation of the Iraqi dinar is ready to be implemented by the country's Central Bank; however, the Parliamentary Economic and Investment Commission has decided to postpone the revaluation to 2019. The plan is to eliminate zeros from the value of the Iraqi currency, allowing the dinar to gain value on the global market. ...

Did you know?

That The situation regarding the use of dinars in Iraq can be confusing, and it's understandable to feel mixed messages. Here's what we know: Iraq's Requirement for Dinar Transactions: Yes, the Iraqi government has mandated that all domestic financial transactions within Iraq must be conducted in Iraqi dinars (IQD) starting January 1, 2024.The co-owners and chief operating officer of one of the largest Iraqi dinar exchangers in the United States were convicted by a federal jury following a five-week trial. Tyson Rhame, James Shaw, and Frank Bell were each convicted of mail and wire fraud conspiracy, as well as multiple counts of mail and wire fraud. Rhame and Bell were also convicted of making false statements to federal law ...

How Saleh noted that until 1980 the Iraqi dinar exchange rate was 1 dinar/$3.3 compared to $1/1,168 dinars now due to hyperinflation that occurred during the latter part of the late ousted leader Saddam Hussein's reign. They're busy over there today! and it flat out says a 25K bank note will become a 25 bank note. 5. 4.The Iraqi dinar ( Arabic pronunciation: [diːˈnɑːr]) ( Arabic: دينار; sign: ID [1] in Latin, د.ع in Arabic; code: IQD) is the currency of Iraq. It is issued by the Central Bank of Iraq and is subdivided into 1,000 fils (فلس), although inflation has rendered the fils obsolete since 1990. [2] On 7 February 2023, the exchange rate ...

When Iraqi Dinar🎉 The $0.22 Surprise: Could Iraq's Bold Redenomination Shock ... at January 28, 2024. ... Militia Man Iraq is ready to go international. ... Dinar Revaluation Blog is not a registered investment adviser, broker dealer, banker or currency dealer and as such, no information on the Website or Email newsletter is a financial advise. ...Get the latest 1 US Dollar to Iraqi Dinar rate for FREE with the original Universal Currency Converter. Set rate alerts for USD to IQD and learn more about US Dollars and Iraqi Dinars from XE - the Currency Authority.This Blog is for Speculation , Rumors about the Revaluation of Currencies. We provide daily dinar updates and dinar recaps, featuring insights from popular dinar gurus. Stay informed with our comprehensive coverage of the latest dinar revaluation status and gain valuable insights from dinar guru opinions.…

Reader Q&A - also see RECOMMENDED ARTICLES & FAQs. Is the iraqi dinar ready to revalue. Possible cause: Not clear is the iraqi dinar ready to revalue.

Other topics

admin badge gorilla tag

360 training final exam answers alcohol

ascension patient portal pensacola Get the latest 1 US Dollar to Iraqi Dinar rate for FREE with the original Universal Currency Converter. Set rate alerts for USD to IQD and learn more about US Dollars and Iraqi Dinars from XE - the Currency Authority. rewardstock net worth 2022totk xci download INTERNATIONAL STATISTICS DURING 2023" Yes, and still the dinar is at 1/6 of a penny. How outrageous is this that they still continue to manipulate the dollar in Iraq. We will see what happens in January when the CBI has reported they plan to cut off all dollars for imports. The dollars will dry up. So get ready Iraq…We understand why my ex-husband a retired banker with the Federal Reserve Bank and his peers believed the dinar would not revalue. It appears until Iraq updated its banking system the country could not participate in the global financial platforms... The bankers in the US never explained the reasons for their negative attitude towards the … wabasha county jail rosterbrookemonklover twitteratrium peopleconnect Amr Salem March 28, 2024 2 min. Baghdad (IraqiNews.com) – The Parliamentary Finance Committee said on Wednesday that the Iraqi government raised the budget for 2024 to 228 trillion Iraqi dinars ... log differentiation calculator A Sky High Iraqi Dinar RV Boils Down to This. On October 24, 2023 By Awake-In-3D. In RV/GCR. This is Section 2 of: The Ultimate Guide to Every Economic and Political Reason for an Iraqi Dinar Revaluation (RV) A working knowledge of the economic and political factors that support a currency’s stability and strength is a powerful tool for ... po box 72513and4 digit maryland lotterypython mouse jiggler Militia Man Iraq is ready to go international. ... Dinar Revaluation Blog is not a registered investment adviser, broker dealer, banker or currency dealer and as such, no information on the Website or Email newsletter is a financial advise. This Blog is for Speculation , Rumors about the Revaluation of Currencies. ...